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一级样题及答案要点

◆  选择题样题:

Sample 1:

Which sub division of logistics applies to the return of used packaging for recycling?

A. reverse logistics

B. inbound logistics

C. internal logistics

D. outbound logistics

物流的哪个部分适用于回收包装材料以便循环利用?

A. 逆向物流

B. 进货物流

C. 内部物流

D. 出货物流

Sample 2:

B2B means one of the following:

A. Buyer to business

B. Business to business

C. Buyer to buyer

D. Business to buyer

B2B是指:

A. 买主对企业(Buyer to business)

B. 企业对企业(Business to business)

C. 买主对买主(Buyer to buyer)

D. 企业对买主(Business to buyer

Sample 3:

The main component of "user benefits" is:

A. Cheaper travel

B. Fewer journeys

C. A more frequent service

D. Shorter journey times

“使用者的利益”的主要部分是:

A. 比较便宜的旅费

B. 比较少的旅行

C. 更为频繁的服务

D. 短途旅行的次数

◆  案例分析题:

Sample 1:

Case Study 案例背景

A manufacturing company in Beijing has recently improved profitability by introducing a Just in Time (JIT) system of distribution for its products which allows them to reduce inventory. They also introduced an advanced planning and scheduling system (APS), which enables them to plan production more accurately and reduce production delays.

北京某家生产制造企业最近在产品分销中通过引入准时制(JIT)系统,减少了库存,提高了利润率。该企业还引入了一套先进计划与排程系统(APS),使得他们能够实现更精确的排产,并减少生产延迟。

This new system has reduced planning time dramatically and led to a reduction in the amount of stock needed to cover unforeseen demand. (This stock is termed ‘safety stock’). It has also enabled the company to cut out many other non-essential costs from their production process.

这套新系统使得该企业极大地缩短了计划时间,减少了满足不可预测需求的库存(这种库存称为“安全库存”),同时去除了生产过程中许多不必要的费用。

Reports are generated on a daily basis to inform the managers where production delays are still occurring in order that they can act to reduce delays even further. Other reports inform managers of expected changes to the work schedule in order that the workforce and the plant are able to meet any demands upon them resulting from fluctuating customer requirements.

向管理人员提交有关仍然存在生产延迟的每日报告,以便他们能够采取行动进一步减少生产延迟。管理人员还将得到有关生产进度预期变化的报告,以便生产人员和企业能够满足波动的顾客需求。

These improvements have enabled the company to offer customers improved service levels at lower cost and has led to the staff feeling that they are more involved and better informed about the running of the company.

这些改进使该企业能以较低的成本向顾客提供更好的服务,同时让员工感到参与更多、更加清楚公司的运作。

The company is now experiencing a major upturn in it’s customer base, general productivity and profitability and a reduction in staff absenteeism.

目前,该企业的客户群、整体生产率和利润率都有着明显的好转,而员工的旷工情况明显减少。

Questions 问题

1. The manufacturing company has introduced a Just in Time system of distribution. Briefly explain what is meant by Just in Time distribution.

1.该企业在产品分销中引入了准时制系统。请简要解释准时制分销(Just in Time distribution)。

答案要点:

⊙ 减少浪费正确的时间、正确的地点产出正确的产品;

⊙ 提高对客户的服务水平;

⊙ 提高利润率和投资回报率,并通过减少库存水平;

⊙ 建立物料流程。

2. Just in Time methods had helped the company to reduce inventory. Why do you think this has happened?

2. 准时制方法帮助该企业减少了库存,你认为为什么会这样?

答案要点: 减少浪费,通过提高库存周转率、产品质量、缩短生产及交付周期,实现利润率的提高。这些因素与通过建立物料流程而提高的产品质量共同减少了缺陷和其它比如损坏或回收等的浪费。准时制通常应用于重复性生产过程,比如一个生产线,来建立物料流程,必然能实现库存量的减少。

3. Production planning was seen as an essential element in improving efficiency. Why might that be the case?

3.生产计划的编制被认为是提高效率的关键因素,为什么?

答案要点:

⊙ 生产计划是关于为满足需求变化,以便能提前应对需求变化的发生。

⊙ 使得企业能根据需要调整员工数量水平

⊙ 使企业启用可能出现的对额外资源的需求。


二级样题及答案要点

◆  简答题样题:

Sample 1:

List TWO of the five consequences of poor planning.

列出不良计划导致的五种结果中的两种。

答案要点:

⊙ 员工士气低落

⊙ 产出水平和质量下降

⊙ 丧失机会

⊙ 额外增加费用

⊙ 充满危机的管理

Sample 2:

What is meant by the term ‘bar code’?

术语“条码”(bar code)是什么意思?

答案要点:条形码是一组平行的条杠,中间有空格隔开并分组,形成一种相当于语言的“象征符号”。没有标准的符号学,而是有多种设计以满足具体应用或行业的要求。当用激光扫描器读取时,这种条码和空格以编码形式提供信息(常常是零件号)

Sample 3:

Briefly explain why you would use an ABC analysis when considering the layout of a warehouse?

请简要说明在考虑一个仓库的布局时你为什么使用ABC分析?

答案要点:为了尽量减少物品的移动,例如A类物品应放置在仓库的前面区域,靠近出/入库的地方。

◆  论述题样题:

Sample 1:

You are a Supervisor in a warehouse and have been informed by your Manager that whilst the volume of product throughput has increased slightly the overall costs for the warehouse have increased out of proportion. It appears that the main problem lies within the order-picking element of the operation. How would you go about bringing these costs under control?

你是一个仓库的管理员,你的经理告诉你,产品量有所增加的同时,仓库的总体成本也在不成比例地增加,主要问题在于仓库运作中订单拣货(或称拣选)环节。你如何控制这个环节的成本?

答案要点:

⊙ 拣货员是否经过适当培训,并理解了需要遵循的正确步骤

⊙ 拣货员能否转化标准要求

⊙ 机械设备是否合适、是否处于良好状态、是否可获得

⊙ 仓库内是否有堵塞

⊙ 仓库的保洁标准是什么

⊙ 拣货是否在正常工作时间内完成,加班是否必要

⊙ 行进时间最小化了吗

⊙ 物品是否放置在恰当的储位/储区

⊙ 拣货是否按照最佳计划程序

⊙ 客户服务水平是否得到考虑

⊙ 是否对客户订单进行分析准备最以进行最佳准备方法

⊙ 拣货员是否明白关键绩效指标,并明确自己所在的水平

Sample 2:

Outline the process you would follow in order to recruit a new member of staff to an existing job as an administration clerk. Your answer should include a description of any specific documents or forms you would use.

对于一个现有的工作职位,你要招聘一位新员工作为行政管理职员,简要列出你将遵循的过程大纲。你的回答应包括描述你将在该过程中使用的一些具体文件或表格的名称。

答案要点:

⊙ 要进行工作的工作分析

⊙ 准备工作描述和个人详述

⊙ 在内部和外部登载广告/使用个人详述

⊙ 申请表,首先分类、列出短名单

⊙ 安排面试

⊙ 使用面试评估表

⊙ 可能使用选择测试

⊙ 如有必要可以根据参考信息进行调查核实,发出任命函

⊙ 提及非歧视惯例

⊙ 提及面试技巧

⊙ 提及面试的危险

⊙ 面试记录

Sample 3:

a. Explain the purpose of inventory.

a. 解释库存的目的。

答案要点: 为了在物品在需要的时候可以利用

b. Briefly explain each of the FOUR broad types of inventory.

b. 简要解释四大类库存中的每一种。

答案要点:

“原材料库存”——包括原材料、零件和部件。这部分库存可能是符合生产者自己标准的特殊商品。

“在制品库存”——包括在产品生产的不同阶段的半成品。

“维修库存”(MRO)包括用于维修与养护的经常消耗的物品或部件,如石油润滑脂和机器零件。不包括产成品的维护活动所用的物品或部件。

“产成品库存”——是准备运送给最终消费者的完整的产品。这种库存通常由不同于原材料库存的职能部门来控制,如市场或物流部门

c. In financial terms what are the holding and acquisition costs of inventory?

c. 从财务方面讲,什么是持有成本(或称保管费用,holding cost)和订货费用(或称购置成本,acquisition cost)?

答案要点:

保管费用——保管费用是收货、存储和搬运所发生的费用。最重要的保管费用是机会成本。

订货费用——是从需求的确认到最终的到货(整个供应链中),通过采购或其它途径获得物品或原材料的时候发生的费用。

订货费用的主要特征是与库存规模不直接相关,而是与一段时间内的订货次数相关。包括以下因素——内部各部门人员的费用和管理费用

d. What are MRO inventories and why are they carried out?

d. 什么是MRO库存(维修库存)?为什么要有MRO库存?

答案要点:

维修库存”(MRO)是维护、维修和操作性库存。

不包括产成品的维护活动所用的物品或部件。


ILT三级运营经理证书考试样题

◆  简答部分:

部门预算应当在一个组织中的什么层次进行:(2分)

At what level in the organisation should departmental budgets be: (2 marks)

a).什么层次提出?Initiated?

b).什么层次批准?Approved?

At the lowest level of cost center within the department.(1 mark)

下层各部门的开销

At the highest level in the organization.(1 mark)

高层管理、总经理,董事层等高层管理者。

简答题:回答简答题因为题目比较简单,整个考试时间又比较紧,所以在回答简答题的是时候,尽量回答到关键点,语句越简单越好,用最少的文字表达最关键的要点。

◆  论述部分:

你负责将货物从仓库装载到车辆上。要发送的货物都装在托盘上,在发货区后端堆码三层托盘高。货物用平衡式叉车装载,叉车必须通过一个斜坡,将托盘从存放处运到车辆旁进行装载。通常有几辆车辆同时在进行装货作业。

请你阐述与这一作业相关的健康与安全风险评估应该包括的各个步骤。

针对上述评估中你所识别出的其中三种风险,阐述应当立即采取什么措施来减少这些风险。

You are responsible for dispatch of goods from a warehouse onto vehicles. The goods to be dispatched are palletised loads that are stacked three pallets high at the rear of the dispatch area. The vehicles are loaded in the yard using counterbalance fork-lift trucks and the fork-lifts have to travel down a slope from where the pallets are stored to the vehicles, where the load is lifted in. It is usual the several vehicles will be loaded at the same time.

Explain the steps you would include in a health and safety risk assessment for this operation.

For any three of the hazards you could identify in such a risk assessment, explain what immediate action could be taken to reduce the risk.

Description of risk assessment process to include:

Identification of risk (4 marks)

Assessment of risk (4 marks)

Appropriate mitigation measures (5 marks)

Assessment of residual risk (3 marks)

Further mitigation as required (2 marks)

Any three hazards with appropriate immediate mitigation measures (2 marks each)

辨别什么是风险(4分)

评估风险(4分)

缓解风险最适当的方法(5分)

评估剩余风险(3分)

促进缓解风险必须的条件(2分)

关于适当的缓解任何三种风险最直接的措施方法(2分)

注:回答论述题部分的时候,以上给出的是答案的要点,回答是应该按照这种线索和方式去回答,但是仅仅回答上面的要点是远远不够的,关键在这些要点上要结合题目给出的案例背景并结合自己的实际工作经验,理解的加以展开将问题解答清楚。

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